Arrowsmith Study Guide

Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)

Sinclair Lewis was an American novelist, short-story writer, and playwright, renowned for his incisive critiques of American society. Born in Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Lewis attended Yale University but left before completing his degree to work as a journalist and editor. His breakthrough novel, "Main Street" (1920), depicted the narrow-mindedness of small-town America and was followed by a series of successful works, including "Babbitt" (1922) and "Elmer Gantry" (1927). In 1930, Lewis became the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, recognized for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humor, new types of characters.

Historical and Literary Context of "Arrowsmith"

"Arrowsmith," published in 1925, is one of Lewis's most celebrated novels. It tells the story of Martin Arrowsmith, a dedicated and idealistic physician and researcher, as he navigates the challenges and ethical dilemmas of the medical profession. The novel is notable for its detailed portrayal of the scientific community, informed by Lewis's collaboration with science writer Paul de Kruif.

The 1920s, often referred to as the Roaring Twenties, was a period of significant social, economic, and cultural change in the United States. The decade saw rapid urbanization, technological advancements, and a break from traditional values. This era of progress and innovation also brought about a questioning of established institutions, including medicine and science.

In literature, the 1920s was marked by Modernism, a movement characterized by a break with traditional forms and an exploration of new narrative techniques. Authors like F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and T.S. Eliot were contemporaries of Lewis, sharing a common interest in critiquing the superficiality and moral ambiguities of modern life.

"Arrowsmith" reflects these themes through its protagonist's struggles with the commercialization of science and the conflict between personal ambition and professional integrity. The novel's detailed depiction of medical research and ethical quandaries resonated with contemporary concerns about the role of science in society, making it a significant contribution to both American literature and social discourse.

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