Volpone Study Guide
Biography of Ben Jonson:
Ben Jonson (1572-1637) was an influential English playwright, poet, and actor, best known for his satirical plays and his role in shaping English Renaissance drama. Born in London, Jonson was educated at Westminster School, where he developed a deep appreciation for classical literature. After a stint as a soldier in the Low Countries, he began working as an actor and playwright.
Jonson's first major success came with "Every Man in His Humour" (1598), which was followed by a series of popular plays including "Volpone" (1606), "The Alchemist" (1610), and "Bartholomew Fair" (1614). He was also a pioneer of the English masque, creating elaborate court entertainments. Jonson's works are characterized by their wit, moral seriousness, and classical influence. He was a contemporary and rival of William Shakespeare, and his legacy includes a significant body of poetry and prose, as well as his plays.
Historical and Literary Context for Volpone:
"Volpone," or "The Fox," is one of Jonson's most celebrated plays, first performed in 1606. It is a dark comedy set in Venice, a choice that reflects the Elizabethan fascination with Italian culture, which was often associated with decadence and corruption. The play explores themes of greed, deception, and the corrupting power of wealth.
The early 17th century, when "Volpone" was written, was a time of great social and economic change in England. The rise of commerce and capitalism led to increasing social mobility, but also to anxieties about moral decline and the corrupting influence of money. Jonson's play can be seen as a critique of these emerging capitalist values, using exaggerated characters and situations to satirize the greed and duplicity he saw in society.
Literarily, "Volpone" draws on classical sources, particularly the works of Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence, and the satirical traditions of Juvenal. Jonson’s use of verse and his structured, almost mechanical plotting reflect his neoclassical ideals, emphasizing form, balance, and moral instruction. "Volpone" remains a powerful example of Jonson's ability to combine biting social commentary with comedic elements, making it a timeless piece of English drama.
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