When the Emperor was Divine Study Guide
Julie Otsuka is a renowned American author, born in Palo Alto, California, in 1962. She is of Japanese descent and is celebrated for her poignant explorations of Japanese American experiences. Otsuka graduated from Yale University with a degree in art and initially pursued a career in painting before turning to writing. She received her Master of Fine Arts from Columbia University. Her works, characterized by their lyrical prose and historical depth, have earned her critical acclaim and several prestigious awards, including the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.
Historical and Literary Context for "When the Emperor Was Divine"
Historical Context: "When the Emperor Was Divine," published in 2002, is set against the backdrop of World War II and the internment of Japanese Americans. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 in February 1942, authorizing the forced relocation and internment of around 120,000 Japanese Americans, most of whom were U.S. citizens. Internment camps, often located in remote areas, subjected these individuals to harsh living conditions and stripped them of their civil liberties. This period is a dark chapter in American history, highlighting issues of racism, xenophobia, and the violation of constitutional rights.
Literary Context: "When the Emperor Was Divine" is part of a broader tradition of literature that addresses the Japanese American internment experience. Preceding works include Monica Sone's memoir "Nisei Daughter" (1953) and John Okada's novel "No-No Boy" (1957), which also delve into the impact of internment on Japanese American identity and community. Otsuka's novel stands out for its sparse, evocative prose and its focus on the internal landscapes of its characters. The narrative shifts perspectives among family members, providing a multifaceted view of their emotional and psychological struggles. Otsuka's work contributes to the collective memory and understanding of this period, emphasizing the personal cost of prejudice and wartime hysteria.
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